The literature on the microbiome of onsite sanitation is very sparse compared to the biomic literature of the process feeding the material in the sanitation system. The science of the human gut has progressed to the point of selecting donors for patients requiring faecal transplants based on the metagenomics profile of the donor and recipient. In this WRC project the knowledge will be used to start a process of understanding the most important microbiological transformations taking place in VIP toilets with a focus on South Africa. The hypothesis is that an understanding of the reactions taking place is necessary for the rational design of improved sanitation systems. This two-year project aims to provide a platform for future research in the field of on-site sanitation.